Time is running out. No excuses to delay implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: impact, sustainability, resilience and efficiency through an interrupted time series analysis (2017–2022) 

The WHO declared antimicrobial resistance a significant concern in 2014, leading to initiatives to combat it. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes (ASPs) play a crucial role in combating AMR. A 6-year analysis of an ASP in Italy showed a significant reduction in antibiotic consumption, particularly fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. The ASP demonstrated sustainability and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and efficiency was enhanced by increased on-site consultations. This study highlights the importance of long-term commitment in promoting responsible antibiotic use.